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Vertical analysis is a method of financial statement analysis in which each line item is listed as a percentage of a base figure within the statement. Vertical analysis of financial statements is where each line item on your company’s financial statement is listed as a percentage of the base figure on the statement. For example, if vertical analysis is used on an income statement, gross sales (not net sales) would be the base figure and all other line items a percentage of total sales. When used with your company’s balance sheet, total assets or total liabilities would be used as the baseline figure, with all subsequent line items shown as a percentage of that total. Vertical analysis refers to the comparative analysis of the financial statement in which each line item is represented as a percentage of the base item.

To arrive at the amount of free cash flow, the amount of capital expenditures is subtracted from the net cash provided by operating activities. This tool is especially important if you’re using key performance indicators to measure your business’s performance and profitability. The approach lets you compare your business to your competitors’ businesses, regardless of size differences.

YouTube Video on Vertical Analysis of financial statement

The percentages on the common-size balance sheet (above) allow you to immediately see that the debt to total asset ratio is 62.5% (the amount of total liabilities was divided by the amount of total assets). Financial Analysis is helpful in accurately ascertaining and forecasting future trends and conditions. The primary aim of horizontal analysis is to compare line items in order to ascertain the changes in trend over time. As against, the aim of vertical analysis is to ascertain the proportion of item, in relation to a common item in percentage terms. For each line item on this sample income statement, we've shown the percentage that it makes up of total revenue.

In fact, some sources of industry data present the information exclusively in a common-size format, and most of the accounting software available today has been engineered to facilitate this type of analysis. To get started with vertical analysis in LiveFlow, all you need to do is connect your data sources and build your reports. If you were to draw it out, it would look like a vertical line with each line item as a point on that line. This type of analysis can be very helpful in understanding a company's financials.

Vertical Analysis Calculator

As with the common size income statement analysis, the common size cash flow statement analysis largely relies on total revenue as the base figure. Here, you’ll render items on your cash flow statement as a percentage of net revenue. This analysis lets you see how effectively you’re leveraging the cash in your business, beyond just dollars flowing into and out of your bank account. The only difference is that each line item on this accounting balance sheet is expressed as a percentage of total assets. Vertical analysis is used to show the relative size of each item line of the income statement and the balance sheet.

• Vertical analysis compares line items within a statement in the current year.
• Conducting a vertical analysis of the balance sheet, an analyst may compare the firm's capital structure to its rivals, and analyze debt levels, cash holdings, inventory, and goodwill.
• The vertical analysis raises these questions, but it cannot give us the answers.
• It could possibly be that they are extending credit to customers more readily than anticipated or not collecting as rapidly on outstanding accounts receivable.
• For example, year 2008’s current assets percentage of 48.3% is computed by dividing the current assets amount of $550,000 with the base item of total assets of $1,139,500.

However, as you will learn in this chapter, there are many other measures to consider before concluding that Coca-Cola is winning the financial performance battle. Next week I’ll cover horizontal analysis and I’m using an income statement but you could also do this with the balance sheet. Also coming up next week, and you need to see this, I’m going to discuss the difference between a vlookup versus using index and match so I’m gonna set this up with you on Monday from scratch. Another powerful application of a vertical analysis is to compare two or more companies of different sizes. It can be hard to compare the balance sheet of a $1 billion company with that of a $100 billion company.

What Is Vertical Analysis?

Many computerized accounting systems automatically calculate common-size percentages on financial statements. To conduct a vertical analysis of balance sheet, the total of assets and the total of liabilities and stockholders’ equity are generally used as base figures. All individual assets (or groups of assets if condensed form balance sheet is used) are shown as a percentage of total assets. The current liabilities, long Running Law Firm Bookkeeping: Consider the Industry Specifics in the Detailed Guide term debts and equities are shown as a percentage of the total liabilities and stockholders’ equity. The term “Horizontal Analysis” refers to the method of analyzing financial statements where historical data from the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement are subject to comparison. This comparison shows how each line item has changed in absolute terms or as a percentage change year over year (Y-o-Y).